Resources

Part 2 - Cyber Smart and Digital Skills Workbook

References

Artificial Intelligence for Image Research: How Generative AI Models Work. (2025). University of Toronto Libraries. guides.library.utoronto.ca/c.php?g=735513&p=5297039

AWS. (2024). What is Machine Learning? aws.amazon.com/what-is/machine-learning/

Badman, A. & Kosinski, M. (n.d.). What is Data?. IBM. ibm.com/think/topics/data 

Bartels, M. (2024). How to Tell If a Photo Is an AI-Generated Fake. Scientific American. scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-tell-if-a-photo-is-an-ai-generated-fake/

Bates, A. W. (Tony). (2019). Assessing media affordances: the SAMR model. In Teaching in a Digital Age – Second Edition. Tony Bates Associates Ltd. pressbooks.bccampus.ca/teachinginadigitalagev2/ 

BBC Newsround. (2024). Deepfake technology: What is it, how does it work, and what can it be used for? bbc.co.uk/newsround/69009887

Best, J. (2020, October 9). The SAMR Model | How to teach with tech | Introduction and examples. 3P Learning. 3plearning.com/blog/connectingsamrmodel/

Brisson-Boivin, K., & McAleese, S. (2018). Young Canadians in a Wireless World, Phase IV: Life Online. In MediaSmarts. MediaSmarts. mediasmarts.ca/sites/default/files/2022-11/life-online-report-en-final-11-22.pdf 

Business Insider. (2023, July 25). The Metaverse Explained – And What Comes Next | Insider Business. Www.youtube.com; Youtube. youtube.com/watch?v=jFUVZDPrB7U 

Common Sense Education. (2023, September 22). What is AI?. Www.youtube.com; Youtube. youtube.com/watch?v=b0KaGBOU4Ys 

Center for News, Technology & Innovation. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Journalism. Center for News, Technology & Innovation. innovating.news/article/ai-in-journalism/

Davenport, T., Mittal, N. (2022) How Generative AI Is Changing Creative Work. Harvard Business Review. hbr.org/2022/11/how-generative-ai-is-changing-creative-work

Edureka!. (n.d.) Machine Learning Tutorial. edureka.co/blog/machine-learning-tutorial. Generative AI – What is it and How Does it Work? (n.d.). NVIDIA. nvidia.com/en-us/glossary/generative-ai/

Google. (2026). Gemini (Mar 10 version) [Large language model]. gemini.google.com/app 

Google. (2024). Be Internet Awesome: Media Literacy Lessons. In Be Internet Awesome - Google. Google. storage.googleapis.com/gweb-interland.appspot.com/BeInternetAwesome%20_%20MediaLiteracyHandbook_June2024.pdf 

Griffith University Library. (2018). Digital Dexterity. Griffith University Library; Griffith University. griffithunilibrary.github.io/digital-dexterity/ 

IBM. (n.d.) What is Machine Learning? ibm.com/think/topics/machine-learning

John Spencer. (2015, November 04). What is the SAMR Model and what does it look like in schools?. Www.youtube.com; Youtube. youtube.com/watch?v=SC5ARwUkVQg&ab

Kamali, N., Nakamura, K., Chatzimparmpas, A., Hullman, J., & Groh, M. (2024). How to Distinguish AI-Generated Images from Authentic Photographs. arXiv.org. arxiv.org/abs/2406.08651

Khanjani, Z., Watson, G., & Janeja, V. P. (2023). Audio deepfakes: A survey. 
doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.1001063

KI-Campus. (2023, September 25). Generative AI explained in 2 minutes. Www.youtube.com; Youtube. youtube.com/watch?v=rwF-X5STYks 

Lawton, G. (2024). What is Gen AI? Generative AI explained. Search Enterprise AI. techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/generative-AI

LearnFree. (2023, July 23). What is AI? - AI Basics. Youtube. youtube.com/watch?v=J4RqCSD--Dg

Li, V., Hamza, M., & Kwok, T. (2023). The Skills Algorithm: Digital Skills Demand Across Canada’s Labour Market. In The Dais. Toronto Metropolitan University. dais.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/The-Skills-Algorithm.pdf 

Morrison, S. (2023). The tricky truth about how generative AI uses your data. Vox. vox.com/technology/2023/7/27/23808499/ai-openai-google-meta-data-privacy-nope

Media Technology Monitor Junior. (2020). MTM JR Sneak Peek 2024. In Media Technology Monitor. Media Technology Monitor.mtm-otm.ca/en/downloadrequest?reportId=272 

OpenAI. (2026). ChatGPT (Mar 10 version) [Large language model]. chat.openai.com/chat 

Proofpoint. (2025). What Is a Deepfake? Definition & Technology proofpoint.com/us/threat-reference/deepfake

PCMag. (2024, July 19). What Is Spatial Computing? A Basic Explainer. pcmag.com/how-to/what-is-spatial-computing-a-basic-explainer

Simon, F. (2024) Artificial Intelligence in the News: How AI Retools, Rationalizes, and Reshapes Journalism and the Public Arena. Columbia Journalism Review. cjr.org/tow_center_reports/artificial-intelligence-in-the-news.php

Stanford Graduate School of Business. (2023, May 17). Explainer: What is Machine Learning? Www.youtube.com; Youtube. youtube.com/watch?v=hZEvqF60-QA 

Statistics Canada. (2023). Canadian Internet Use Survey (CIUS) [Review of Canadian Internet Use Survey (CIUS)]. In Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada. statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&Id=1289009

TED-Ed. (2022, December 6). How will AI change the world? Www.youtube.com; Youtube. youtube.com/watch?v=RzkD_rTEBYs&ab_channel=TED-Ed 

TEDx Talks. (2022, October 2). Digital Literacy Skills to Succeed in Learning and Beyond | Yimin Yang | TEDxYouth@GrandviewHeights. Www.youtube.com; Youtube. youtube.com/watch?v=GgEGbMPJcAo 

The Alan Turing Institute. (2024). What are deepfakes and how can we detect them? turing.ac.uk/blog/what-are-deepfakes-and-how-can-we-detect-them

Think with Google. (2024, November 18). The future of responsible AI with Katie Couric and Lila Ibrahim, COO of Google DeepMind. Www.youtube.com; Youtube. youtube.com/watch?v=GJPfTSNPpYo 

UCLA Institute for Technology, Law & Policy. (2022, September 14). AI & Bias - So What's the Solution?. Www.youtube.com; Youtube. youtube.com/watch?v=xvb_A_qzXo4 

UCLA Institute for Technology, Law & Policy. (2022, September 14). AI & Bias - When Algorithms Don't Work. Www.youtube.com; Youtube. youtube.com/watch?v=FD-4yC95iZY 

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2024). UNESCO AI framework: Competency levels. unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000391105 

Zewe, A. (2023). Explained: Generative AI. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. news.mit.edu/2023/explained-generative-ai-1109

AI-Use Statement

AI tools (i.e. ChatGPT and Gemini) were used to support revisions to this module, including Improving organization, flow, and tone. All outputs were critically reviewed, adapted, and finalized by the authors. 

In addition,  Google Veo, Suno, and ElevenLabs were used to create sample AI-generated videos. These materials are found within the Generative AI and AI-Generated Media resource, and are intended to support discussions about deepfakes and help youth and instructors practice identifying AI-generated media.